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Types of Brain Injuries

Brain injuries are either classified as traumatic brain injuries or acquired brain injuries. In cases of traumatic brain injury, damage may be either diffuse (widespread) or localized, effecting only one area or specific areas of the brain. Understanding the type of brain injury, cause, and symptoms are important steps in developing a course of action for medical treatment and rehabilitation.

Types of Traumatic Brain Injuries

Diffuse Axonal Injuries

The most common and most devastating type of traumatic brain injury is diffuse axonal injury (sometimes abbreviated DAI), which often causes widespread brain damage, and possibly coma or death. DAI injuries are characterized by widespread tearing of nerve tissue within the brain. Unlike contusions, where the head suffers a direct blow, diffuse axonal injuries occur when the brain moves back and forth within the skull.

Causes of diffuse axonal injuries may include auto accidents, pedestrian accidents, motorcycle accidents, construction accidents, bus accidents, falls, and just about any other traumatic accident where the brain is subjected to great force. Loss of consciousness is the main symptom of a diffuse axonal injury. A large majority of diffuse axonal brain injury victims never regain consciousness.

Concussion

An injury to the brain resulting from an impact to the head is a concussion. Concussions may occur with no loss of consciousness or only a brief loss of consciousness.  Generally, concussions are not life threatening. However, they can cause long term or permanent damage. Some of the frequent causes of concussions are sports accidents, auto accidents, bicycle accidents, motorcycle accidents, pedestrian accidents, falls, construction accidents and other work-related accidents.

Contusions

A contusion is a type of focal brain injury, really a bruise on the brain caused by a direct impact to the head. When the brain is struck, small hemorrhages occur and blood, and sometimes cerebrospinal fluid leaks into the brain. Small contusions may heal on their own. If the contusion is large, and depending on other factors, it may need to be surgically removed.  The prognosis for brain contusion victims will depend on the severity and location of the injury. Contusions can occur in both open and closed head injuries

Coup / Contrecoup Brain Injuries

Coup-contrecoup brain injuries are contusions on the brain tissue, one at the site of impact, and one on the opposite side of the brain. When the brain strikes an object, it is damaged at the impact site and again when the brain slams into the opposite side of the skull, causing an additional contusion.

Types of Acquired Brain Injuries

Anoxic Brain Injuries

Anoxic brain injuries are caused by complete oxygen deprivation. Anoxic brain damage may occur three different ways:

1. Oxygenated blood is not able to reach the brain; i.e., when a blood clot prevents blood flow to the brain;

2. Blood that does reach the brain does not contain sufficient oxygen; i.e., when lung cancer prevents enough oxygen from moving from the lungs into the blood for transport; or

3. Exposure to poisons, toxins, or metabolites keep oxygen in the blood from being used by the brain; i.e., carbon monoxide poisoning.

Causes of anoxic brain injuries include brain tumors, cardiac arrest, drug use, electrical shock, heart attack, malfunctioning gas appliances that produce carbon monoxide, near drowning, and stroke.

Hypoxic Brain Injury

Hypoxic brain injuries may occur when the brain receives decreased amounts of oxygen, despite sufficient blood flow. Causes may include airway obstruction, choking, and suffocation. Recovery and rehabilitation from hypoxic brain injuries will vary greatly depending on how long the brain was deprived of oxygen and how much damage the brain cells sustained. Generally, the longer the period of oxygen deprivation, brain death is more likely to occur.

Brain Injury Attorney Consultation

If you would like to speak with an experienced Sacramento brain injury attorney about your legal rights after a brain injury, call or (916)903-5217 or request a consultation online.  We offer a free, no-obligation consultation to victims and their families. You may be eligible to receive substantial compensation from the party responsible for your injuries, including damages for your medical expenses, time away from work, rehabilitation and pain and suffering.

For more information pertaining to brain injuries, visit our Brain Injury Legal Help Center.

Estey & Bomberger
California Personal Injury Attorneys
Serious Injuries. Serious Results.

1-916-903-5217

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